{"id":3735,"date":"2021-12-02T21:43:26","date_gmt":"2021-12-02T20:43:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prahaskolska-backup.200.solutions.uvirt120.active24.cz\/?p=3735"},"modified":"2022-02-14T15:16:20","modified_gmt":"2022-02-14T14:16:20","slug":"v-cem-spociva-tajemstvi-finskeho-vzdelavaciho-systemu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prahaskolska-backup.200.solutions\/?p=3735","title":{"rendered":"V \u010dem spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 tajemstv\u00ed finsk\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edho syst\u00e9mu?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

P\u0159i \u00favah\u00e1ch o modernizaci \u010desk\u00e9ho \u0161kolstv\u00ed se velmi \u010dasto ve spole\u010dnosti ukazuje na jednu zemi \u2013 Finsko. Z projev\u016f politik\u016f a odborn\u00edk\u016f \u010dasto vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee je to pr\u00e1v\u011b finsk\u00fd vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed syst\u00e9m, od kter\u00e9ho se m\u00e1me u\u010dit a inspirovat. Jak ale tento syst\u00e9m vlastn\u011b funguje?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

U n\u00e1s v \u010cesku m\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina z n\u00e1s p\u0159edstavu o \u0161koln\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed ji\u017e po generace za\u017eitou. U\u010ditel vykl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017e\u00e1ci sed\u00ed pozorn\u011b a v tichosti v lavic\u00edch. Promluvit m\u016f\u017ee jen ten, kdo se dop\u0159edu p\u0159ihl\u00e1s\u00ed. Cel\u00e9 \u0161kolstv\u00ed se od ml\u00e1d\u00ed na\u0161ich rodi\u010d\u016f a prarodi\u010d\u016f ve sv\u00e9 podstat\u011b p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nezm\u011bnilo. Ale co kdy\u017e to cel\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee fungovat \u00fapln\u011b jinak a (alespo\u0148 podle statistik) l\u00e9pe?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Finsko m\u00e1 oproti n\u00e1m jednu obrovskou v\u00fdhodu. Tamn\u00ed spole\u010dnost bere vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed jako naprostou prioritu. Finov\u00e9 v\u00ed, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1ci jsou budoucnost jejich zem\u011b a \u0161koln\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed je pro jejich rozvoj z\u00e1sadn\u00ed. D\u00edky kvalitn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed soustav\u011b je dnes tato zem\u011b sv\u011btovou technologickou \u0161pi\u010dkou. Je tak paradoxem, \u017ee je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed 100 lety, po z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed nez\u00e1vislosti v roce 1917, bylo jednou z nejchud\u0161\u00edch zem\u00ed v Evrop\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Velk\u00fd rozd\u00edl ve vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161koln\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed panuje u samotn\u00e9 osoby u\u010ditele. Zat\u00edmco v \u010cesku se je\u0161t\u011b doned\u00e1vna st\u00e1valo, \u017ee pedagogov\u00e9 kv\u016fli sv\u00e9mu platov\u00e9mu ohodnocen\u00ed a pov\u011bsti vlastn\u00edho zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed ut\u00edkali k jin\u00fdm profes\u00edm, ve Finsku je situace odli\u0161n\u00e1. U\u010ditel je zde velmi v\u00e1\u017een\u00e9 povol\u00e1n\u00ed, a dokonce jedno z nejpresti\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch. V \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku popularity jednotliv\u00fdch profes\u00ed se zde um\u00edstilo na t\u0159et\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b za pr\u00e1vn\u00edky a l\u00e9ka\u0159i. Samoz\u0159ejmost\u00ed je u t\u00e9to profese tak\u00e9 celo\u017eivotn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00fdm\u011bna zku\u0161enost\u00ed s kolegy z jin\u00fdch \u0161kol. Finov\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomuj\u00ed, \u017ee doba se m\u011bn\u00ed a u\u010ditel\u00e9 se tomu mus\u00ed p\u0159izp\u016fsobit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jedn\u00edm ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pil\u00ed\u0159\u016f finsk\u00e9ho \u0161kolstv\u00ed je inkluze. \u017d\u00e1ci zde sd\u00edl\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy v\u0161ichni spole\u010dn\u011b, a to bez ohledu na sv\u016fj spole\u010densk\u00fd p\u016fvod \u010di m\u00edru znalost\u00ed. Vyu\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b nen\u00ed jen jeden, n\u00fdbr\u017e hned t\u0159i. Krom\u011b samotn\u00e9ho u\u010ditele se jedn\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b o speci\u00e1ln\u00edho pedagoga a asistenta. Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161koly jsou zde ch\u00e1p\u00e1ny pouze jako prost\u0159edek, jak umo\u017enit vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed i d\u011btem s ment\u00e1ln\u00edm \u010di fyzick\u00fdm posti\u017een\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Finov\u00e9 se tak\u00e9 nemus\u00ed starat o to, zda jim na vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed jejich potomk\u016f vysta\u010d\u00ed pen\u00edze. \u0160kolstv\u00ed je tu toti\u017e zcela zdarma, a pokud n\u011bjak\u00fd \u017e\u00e1k \u010di student pot\u0159ebuje n\u011bjakou speci\u00e1ln\u00ed u\u010debn\u00ed pom\u016fcku, je mu okam\u017eit\u011b po\u0159\u00edzena. Vysoko\u0161kol\u0161t\u00ed studenti zase mohou vyu\u017e\u00edvat r\u016fzn\u00e9 benefity v podob\u011b slev na dopravu, bydlen\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 levn\u00e9ho j\u00eddla. Jedn\u00e1 se o \u00fapln\u00fd opak oproti \u010desk\u00e9mu prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m vy\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jak\u00e9koli \u017e\u00e1dosti trv\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161inou n\u011bjakou dobu a v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech je nutn\u00e9 dokonce zakl\u00e1dat ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 sb\u00edrky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160patn\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f pro finsk\u00e9 u\u010ditele nen\u00ed d\u016fvodem k tomu, aby \u017e\u00e1k\u016fm \u010di student\u016fm \u201czava\u0159ili\u201d \u0161patnou zn\u00e1mkou nebo na n\u011b byli nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00ed, proto\u017ee se \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b nep\u0159ipravili. Je to pro n\u011b impulsem, aby l\u00e1tku znovu vysv\u011btlili a probrali spole\u010dn\u011b s ostatn\u00edmi. \u0158\u00edd\u00ed se tu heslem, \u017ee \u0161patn\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f je ta nejlep\u0161\u00ed, nebo\u0165 toho \u0159ekne mnohem v\u00edc. Poni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017e\u00e1k\u016f kv\u016fli \u00farovni znalost\u00ed zde rozhodn\u011b nen\u00ed na po\u0159adu dne. Diskuze je zde ch\u00e1p\u00e1na jako kl\u00ed\u010d ke spr\u00e1vn\u00e9mu pochopen\u00ed dan\u00e9ho t\u00e9matu.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Zn\u00e1mk\u00e1m jako takov\u00fdm nen\u00ed ve finsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed d\u00e1v\u00e1n hlavn\u00ed d\u016fraz. V\u00edce se tu hled\u00ed na slovn\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed. V \u010cesku panuje roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd m\u00fdtus, \u017ee ve Finsku neexistuje zn\u00e1mkov\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e ale nen\u00ed pravda. Zn\u00e1mky zde nejsou centr\u00e1ln\u011b zavedeny, ka\u017ed\u00e1 \u0161kola m\u00e1 sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed zn\u00e1mkovac\u00ed syst\u00e9m. N\u011bkde se tak m\u016f\u017eeme setkat s na\u0161\u00ed klasickou stupnic\u00ed 1-5, jinde zase vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed syst\u00e9m 1-10.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Samotn\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty jsou ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch mnohem v\u00edce propojeny, ne\u017e jak je tomu u n\u00e1s. Studenti jsou vedeni k tomu, aby mysleli mezioborov\u011b. Klasick\u00e1 v\u00fduka je zde nav\u00edc prol\u00edn\u00e1na s v\u00fdukou tzv. fenom\u00e9n\u016f, mezi kter\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad ekologie, Evropsk\u00e1 unie \u010di technologie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ani vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed modern\u00edch technologi\u00ed zde nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd probl\u00e9m. Modern\u00ed prvky jsou zakomponov\u00e1ny do v\u00fduky d\u016fmysln\u011b a smyslupln\u011b. Fin\u0161t\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ci maj\u00ed ve sv\u00fdch tabletech v\u00fdukov\u00e9 programy, ve kter\u00fdch se m\u00edsto drcen\u00ed l\u00e1tky nazpam\u011b\u0165 u\u010d\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u011b vyhled\u00e1vat a zpracov\u00e1vat informace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je mo\u017en\u00e9, aby k podobn\u00e9 \u201crevoluci\u201d dosp\u011blo i \u010cesko? V prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b je pot\u0159eba zm\u011bnit psychologick\u00e9 nastaven\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, v n\u00ed\u017e panuje n\u00e1zor, \u017ee modernizace \u0161kolstv\u00ed znamen\u00e1 \u00fabytek znalost\u00ed a t\u00edm degradaci my\u0161len\u00ed budouc\u00edch generac\u00ed. Nen\u00ed to pravda. Je nutn\u00e9 pochopit funkci a roli \u0161kol v 21. stolet\u00ed, kdy hlavn\u00edm \u00fa\u010delem chozen\u00ed do \u0161koly nen\u00ed se v\u011bci nau\u010dit, ale pochopit, jak informace okolo sebe vyhled\u00e1vat, zpracov\u00e1vat a analyzovat. \u0160kola m\u00e1 b\u00fdt pr\u016fvodce studenta za pozn\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Ke zkvalitn\u011bn\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9ho \u0161kolstv\u00ed vede je\u0161t\u011b dlouh\u00e1 cesta, k n\u00ed\u017e je pot\u0159eba hlavn\u011b spole\u010densk\u00e1 v\u016fle a ochota politik\u016f uvolnit do vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edho syst\u00e9mu mnohem v\u00edce pen\u011bz. Jak ale m\u016f\u017eeme vid\u011bt na severu - vyplat\u00ed se to!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Autor: Vincent Nov\u00e1k, student Fakulty soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bd Univerzity Karlovy.<\/em><\/a><\/a><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

P\u0159i \u00favah\u00e1ch o modernizaci \u010desk\u00e9ho \u0161kolstv\u00ed se velmi \u010dasto ve spole\u010dnosti ukazuje na jednu zemi \u2013 Finsko. Z projev\u016f politik\u016f a odborn\u00edk\u016f \u010dasto vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee je to pr\u00e1v\u011b finsk\u00fd vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":3482,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27,46,47],"tags":[3,8,4],"class_list":["post-3735","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-budoucnost-skolstvi","category-studentske-zpravodajstvi","category-vzdelavani","tag-reditel","tag-rodic-zak","tag-ucitel"],"acf":[],"gutentor_comment":0,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska-backup.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3735","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska-backup.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska-backup.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska-backup.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska-backup.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3735"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska-backup.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3735\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3736,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska-backup.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3735\/revisions\/3736"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska-backup.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3482"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska-backup.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3735"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska-backup.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3735"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska-backup.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3735"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}