{"id":3679,"date":"2021-11-25T21:38:16","date_gmt":"2021-11-25T20:38:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prahaskolska-backup.200.solutions.uvirt120.active24.cz\/?p=3679"},"modified":"2021-11-25T21:38:17","modified_gmt":"2021-11-25T20:38:17","slug":"je-to-jiz-padesat-let-od-prvniho-komercne-uspesneho-mikroprocesoru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prahaskolska-backup.200.solutions\/?p=3679","title":{"rendered":"Je to ji\u017e pades\u00e1t let od prvn\u00edho komer\u010dn\u011b \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9ho mikroprocesoru"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>V\u00a0moment\u00e1ln\u00ed dob\u011b sly\u0161\u00edme o nedostatku mikroprocesor\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou v\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u00a0podstat\u011b v\u0161eho. Najdeme je nejen v na\u0161ich mobiln\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch, po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u00edch, ale i t\u0159eba v \u017eehli\u010dce, rychlovarn\u00e9 konvici a v dal\u0161\u00edm spot\u0159ebn\u00edm zbo\u017e\u00ed. Tyto mikroprocesory jsou s\u00a0n\u00e1mi nyn\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 50 let.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Za prvn\u00ed univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed mikroprocesor pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd komer\u010dn\u011b je pova\u017eovan\u00fd ten od Intelu p\u0159edstaven\u00fd v&nbsp;roce 1971. Jednalo se k\u0159em\u00edkovou desti\u010dku obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u0161echny z\u00e1kladn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1sti, kter\u00e9 jsou u procesor\u016f i dnes. Mikroprocesor nesl ozna\u010den\u00ed Intel 4004.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zprvu m\u011bla spole\u010dnost Intel \u00fakol vytvo\u0159it 12 \u010dip\u016f pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch pro nov\u00fd model kalkul\u00e1toru s&nbsp;tisk\u00e1rnou pro japonsk\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobce kalkula\u010dek Busicom. Nakonec z&nbsp;toho vznikla \u010dtve\u0159ice \u010dip\u016f, z&nbsp;nich\u017e jeden byl navr\u017een tak, aby po p\u0159eprogramov\u00e1n\u00ed mohl slou\u017eit jako ovl\u00e1dac\u00ed prvek i v&nbsp;jin\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u00edch. Spole\u010dnost Intel si za\u010dala uv\u011bdomovat budoucnost a v\u00fdznam t\u00e9to miniaturn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1stky, proto nab\u00eddla japonsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, \u017ee jim bude dod\u00e1vat \u010dipy levn\u011bji v\u00fdm\u011bnou za p\u0159enech\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1v na technick\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed mikroprocesoru. Z&nbsp;hlediska Intelu se jednalo o jeden z&nbsp;nejlep\u0161\u00edch obchod\u016f, jak\u00fd kdy uzav\u0159el.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Onen mikroprocesor se s&nbsp;t\u011bmi dne\u0161n\u00edmi ned\u00e1 absolutn\u011b porovn\u00e1vat. Zat\u00edmco prvn\u00ed mikroprocesor obsahoval 2300 tranzistor\u016f a jeho j\u00e1dro pracovalo s&nbsp;frekvenc\u00ed 108 kilohertz\u016f, sou\u010dasn\u00e9 procesory maj\u00ed tranzistory v&nbsp;\u0159\u00e1dech stamilion\u016f a frekvenci obvykle mezi dv\u011bma a t\u0159emi gigahertzy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mikroprocesory u\u0161ly obrovskou cestu a st\u00e1le jdou dop\u0159edu. St\u00e1le plat\u00ed i tzv. Moore\u016fv z\u00e1kon prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00fd spoluzakladatelem Intelu v\u00a0roce 1965, kter\u00fd \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee \u201epo\u010det tranzistor\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt um\u00edst\u011bny na integrovan\u00fd obvod, se p\u0159i zachov\u00e1n\u00ed stejn\u00e9 ceny zhruba ka\u017ed\u00fdch 18 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f zdvojn\u00e1sob\u00ed.\u201c S\u00e1m sice uznal, \u017ee tento \u201ez\u00e1kon\u201c nem\u016f\u017ee vzhledem k\u00a0exponenci\u00e1ln\u00edmu r\u016fstu fungovat v\u00a0neomezen\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku, s\u00e1m byl ov\u0161em p\u0159ekvapen\u00fd, \u017ee tento v\u00fdrok plat\u00ed ji\u017e po dlouh\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fotografie od u\u017eivatele\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/cs-cz\/@pok-rie-33563?utm_content=attributionCopyText&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_source=pexels\">Pok Rie<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0ze slu\u017eby\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/cs-cz\/foto\/technologie-rozostreni-pocitac-zakladni-deska-1432673\/?utm_content=attributionCopyText&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_source=pexels\">Pexels<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u00a0moment\u00e1ln\u00ed dob\u011b sly\u0161\u00edme o nedostatku mikroprocesor\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou v\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u00a0podstat\u011b v\u0161eho. Najdeme je nejen v na\u0161ich mobiln\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch, po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u00edch, ale i t\u0159eba v \u017eehli\u010dce, rychlovarn\u00e9 konvici a v [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":3680,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[46,48],"tags":[8,4],"class_list":["post-3679","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-studentske-zpravodajstvi","category-technologie","tag-rodic-zak","tag-ucitel"],"acf":[],"gutentor_comment":0,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska-backup.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3679","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska-backup.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska-backup.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska-backup.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska-backup.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3679"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska-backup.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3679\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3681,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska-backup.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3679\/revisions\/3681"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska-backup.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3680"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska-backup.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3679"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska-backup.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3679"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska-backup.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3679"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}