{"id":2221,"date":"2021-06-02T08:39:39","date_gmt":"2021-06-02T06:39:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prahaskolska-backup.200.solutions.uvirt120.active24.cz\/?p=2221"},"modified":"2021-06-03T09:25:01","modified_gmt":"2021-06-03T07:25:01","slug":"medialni-vychova-nema-byt-jen-o-dezinformacich-a-hoaxech-rika-zakladatel-neziskove-organizace-faketicky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prahaskolska-backup.200.solutions\/?p=2221","title":{"rendered":"Medi\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdchova nem\u00e1 b\u00fdt jen o dezinformac\u00edch a hoaxech, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 zakladatel neziskov\u00e9 organizace Fak(e)ticky"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Tak\u00e9 jste v\u00a0posledn\u00ed dob\u011b sly\u0161eli \u010dast\u011bji slova jako dezinformace, fake news, hoax? Internet a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b jsou zapln\u011bn\u00e9 informacemi a nejenom mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 \u010dasto t\u00e1pou, jak\u00fdm z nich v\u00a0internetov\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed vlastn\u011b v\u011b\u0159it. Popt\u00e1vku mlad\u00fdch po lep\u0161\u00ed informovanosti v t\u00e9to oblasti si uv\u011bdomili i zakladatel\u00e9 organizace Fak(e)ticky<\/a>. Na sv\u00fdch profilech na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch Facebook<\/a> a Instagram<\/a> informuj\u00ed o tom, jak se ve sv\u011bt\u011b m\u00e9di\u00ed co nejl\u00e9pe orientovat. Krom\u011b toho po\u0159\u00e1daj\u00ed workshopy pro \u0161koly, firmy nebo obce. Chyb\u011bla n\u00e1m osv\u011bta, kter\u00e1 se ve \u0161kolstv\u00ed v\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b moc ned\u011bl\u00e1, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 zakladatel organizace P\u0159emysl Danda, kter\u00fd krom\u011b pr\u00e1ce ve Fak(e)ticky tak\u00e9 vyu\u010duje ve Scio\u0161kole na Praze 4. Co je p\u0159i v\u00fduce medi\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdchovy nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, jak s\u00e1m zapojuje tato t\u00e9mata do v\u00fduky a o p\u0159ipravovan\u00e9 u\u010debnici medi\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdchovy se do\u010dtete v\u00a0rozhovoru pro Prahu \u0161kolskou.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co st\u00e1lo za n\u00e1padem zalo\u017eit neziskovou organizaci v\u011bnuj\u00edc\u00ed se tomuto t\u00e9matu?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po \u0161kole jsem za\u010dal pracoval v novin\u00e1ch a v jednom okam\u017eiku za\u010daly b\u00fdt velk\u00fdm t\u00e9matem dezinformace. Nech\u00e1pal jsem, jak n\u011bkter\u00fdm v\u011bcem mohou lid\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159it. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 jsem si ale uv\u011bdomoval, \u017ee je t\u00e9ma dezinformac\u00ed ve spole\u010dnosti velk\u00fd probl\u00e9m. Chyb\u011bla n\u00e1m osv\u011bta, kter\u00e1 se ve \u0161kolstv\u00ed v t\u00e9 dob\u011b moc ned\u011bla. Zalo\u017eili jsme proto spole\u010dn\u011b s novin\u00e1\u0159i a studenty \u017eurnalistiky neziskovou organizaci Fak(e)ticky. Za\u010dali jsme tvo\u0159it prvn\u00ed workshopy, obj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bt \u0161koly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V \u010dem p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 t\u00e9ma medi\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdchovy?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Medi\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdchova by nem\u011bla prim\u00e1rn\u011b b\u00fdt o hoaxech a dezinformac\u00edch. Ve spole\u010dnosti je tak \u010dasto br\u00e1na, jsou to poutav\u00e1 slova. Hodn\u011b tomu napomohl b\u00fdval\u00fd americk\u00fd prezident Donald Trump, kter\u00fd fake news pou\u017e\u00edval hodn\u011b \u010dasto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
zakladatel organizace P\u0159emysl Danda<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Co jste p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s d\u011btmi ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch zjistili? Jak jsou na tom dne\u0161n\u00ed d\u011bti s medi\u00e1ln\u00ed gramotnost\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u011bti jsou na tom podobn\u011b jako dosp\u011bl\u00ed. Je ale nutn\u00e9 \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee medi\u00e1ln\u00ed gramotnost a medi\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdchova ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch je nutn\u00e1. Dezinformace za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed b\u00fdt \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l n\u00e1padit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed na pochopen\u00ed a na\u0161e pozornost a soust\u0159ed\u011bnost na \u010dten\u00ed zpr\u00e1v je \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l t\u00edm rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. D\u011bti maj\u00ed \u010dasto probl\u00e9m rozeznat zdroj informace, \u010dasto ud\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee zdrojem je Facebook nebo Google, a to je probl\u00e9m. Nerozum\u00ed p\u016fvodu zpr\u00e1v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ovliv\u0148uje d\u011bti to, \u017ee u\u017e od prvn\u00edch t\u0159\u00edd maj\u00ed mobiln\u00ed telefony, \u010dasto s daty a mohou tak na internetu tr\u00e1vit \u010das u\u017e v mal\u00e9m v\u011bku?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je vid\u011bt, \u017ee d\u011bti um\u00ed obecn\u011b s technikou velmi dob\u0159e pracovat. IT dovednosti jsou pro n\u011b p\u0159irozen\u00e9, jednoduch\u00e9. Um\u00ed v\u00fdborn\u011b ovl\u00e1dat YouTube, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b, ch\u00e1pou, co se tam d\u011bje. \u00dapln\u011b ale nep\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00ed nad obsahem, maj\u00ed probl\u00e9m mu rozum\u011bt. Co jim d\u011bl\u00e1 probl\u00e9m, je p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let nad d\u016fsledky, nap\u0159\u00edklad nep\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00ed, odkud zpr\u00e1va poch\u00e1z\u00ed, co m\u016f\u017ee vyvolat. Pr\u00e1ce s t\u00edm je dlouhodob\u00fd proces a je t\u0159eba je hned od prvn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy u\u010dit s technologiemi a jejich porozum\u011bn\u00edm pracovat. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zm\u00ednil jste, \u017ee je t\u0159eba d\u011bti hned od za\u010d\u00e1tku \u0161koln\u00ed doch\u00e1zky v t\u00e9to problematice vzd\u011bl\u00e1vat. Jak jsou na tom \u010desk\u00e9 \u0161koly s osv\u011btou?
<\/strong>Medi\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdchova je zanesena v r\u00e1mcov\u00e9m vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edm programu a \u0161koly maj\u00ed povinnost plnit jej i v tomto ohledu. Dost \u010dasto n\u00e1m ale p\u0159ijde, \u017ee to pokr\u00fdvaj\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee si pozvou neziskovou organizaci, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 s t\u00edmto vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm zku\u0161enosti. Tyto organizace d\u011blaj\u00ed svoji pr\u00e1ci dob\u0159e. \u0160koly si tak odfajfkuj\u00ed spln\u011bno a t\u00edm to pro n\u011b kon\u010d\u00ed. Mysl\u00edm si, \u017ee workshopy a akce tohoto typu jsou skv\u011bl\u00e9, prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9, ale nemaj\u00ed \u0161anci dlouhodob\u011b p\u0159edat schopnosti a dovednosti nebo postoje k tomu, aby d\u011bti necht\u011bly \u0161\u00ed\u0159it dezinformace mezi sebou nebo si ov\u011b\u0159ovali informace. Je t\u0159eba aby ta v\u00fdchova byla ucelen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, strukturovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nem\u011blo by se tedy toto t\u00e9ma vyu\u010dovat u\u017e budouc\u00ed u\u010ditele na pedagogick\u00fdch fakult\u00e1ch?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bkter\u00e9 fakulty maj\u00ed kurzy medi\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdchovy, je ale poznat, \u017ee to je slo\u017eit\u00e9 t\u00e9ma a \u0159ada u\u010ditel\u016f na vysok\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch s n\u00edm m\u00e1 probl\u00e9m. Rozum\u00edm tomu, je to hodn\u011b prom\u011bnliv\u00e9, v\u0161e se rychle m\u011bn\u00ed, objevuj\u00ed se st\u00e1le nov\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b jako TikTok, kter\u00e9 jsou pro generaci dne\u0161n\u00edch u\u010ditel\u016f nezn\u00e1m\u00e9. S\u00e1m nech\u00e1pu, kdy\u017e mi d\u011bti ve \u0161kole vypr\u00e1v\u00ed o n\u011bkter\u00fdch youtuberech, pro\u010d je sleduj\u00ed a co je na nich zaj\u00edmav\u00e9. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 ale b\u00fdt d\u011btem v tomto partnerem, b\u00fdt jim pr\u016fvodcem a sna\u017eit se pochopit, pro\u010d je to pro n\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 a pomoci jim zorientovat se.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak zapojujete do v\u00fduky vy s\u00e1m t\u00e9mata medi\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdchovy?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve Fak(e)ticky jsme si definovali \u0161est z\u00e1kladn\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f medi\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdchovy: pr\u00e1ce s informacemi, rozezn\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1zor\u016f od fakt\u016f, diskutov\u00e1n\u00ed, argumentov\u00e1n\u00ed, vc\u00edt\u011bn\u00ed se do pohledu ostatn\u00edch a bezpe\u010dnost na internetu. V\u0161echna tato t\u00e9mata jsou pro n\u00e1s stejn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1. I p\u0159i v\u00fduce ve Scio\u0161kole s d\u011btmi proch\u00e1z\u00edme soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b, u\u010d\u00edme se s nimi pracovat, jak diskutovat, po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1me argumenta\u010dn\u00ed sout\u011b\u017ee. Je to b\u011bh na dlouhou tra\u0165. D\u011bti to v\u0161ak velmi bav\u00ed, rozhodn\u011b v\u00edce ne\u017e u\u010den\u00ed se nap\u0159\u00edklad gramatiky. Pro n\u011b je to z\u00e1\u017eitek, jejich sv\u011bt, ve kter\u00e9m \u017eij\u00ed a dob\u0159e se orientuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je velk\u00fd z\u00e1jem ze strany \u0161kol o workshopy t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se t\u011bchto t\u00e9mat?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Velk\u00fd. Pokr\u00fdv\u00e1me hlavn\u011b region Prahy a st\u0159edn\u00edch \u010cech, d\u00edky distan\u010dn\u00ed form\u011b se n\u00e1m poda\u0159ilo dostat na\u0161e p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky i do jin\u00fdch kout\u016f republiky. Nen\u00ed to ale to nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z na\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnosti. Vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00edme dal\u0161\u00ed projekty, kter\u00e9, jak v\u011b\u0159\u00edm, budou m\u00edt na t\u00e9ma medi\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdchovy v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed dopad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co konkr\u00e9tn\u011b p\u0159ipravujete?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ze zp\u011btn\u00e9 vazby od u\u010ditel\u016f v\u00edme, \u017ee d\u016fvod, pro\u010d je pro n\u011b medi\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdchova ve v\u00fduce obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b poj\u00edmateln\u00e1, je nedostatek koncep\u010dn\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f. Na internetu je jich spoustu, jsou to dost \u010dasto ale pouze v\u00fd\u0148atky. Od \u0159ady z nich tedy sl\u00fdch\u00e1me, \u017ee by pot\u0159ebovali pap\u00edrovou u\u010debnici, proto te\u010f pracujeme na medi\u00e1ln\u00ed koncepci, kter\u00e1 bude ur\u010dena pro prvn\u00ed a\u017e dev\u00e1t\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy z\u00e1kladn\u00edch \u0161kol, pro ka\u017ed\u00fd ro\u010dn\u00edk je to zhruba t\u0159icet hodin. Tohle je cesta, kter\u00e1 si mysl\u00edme, \u017ee m\u00e1 v oblasti medi\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdchovy smysl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm z na\u0161ich projekt\u016f je mobiln\u00ed aplikace ve stylu Duolingo. Ta by se m\u011bla v\u011bnovat rozvoji kritick\u00e9ho my\u0161len\u00ed nebo bezpe\u010dnosti na internetu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pl\u00e1nujeme tak\u00e9 diskuzn\u00ed akademii pro \u0161estn\u00e1ct d\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e1 za\u010dne od z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, d\u011bti absolvuj\u00ed sedm v\u00edkendov\u00fdch workshop\u016f po cel\u00e9m \u0161koln\u00edm roce. Na konci vyhodnot\u00edme, kdo debatuje a argumentuje nejl\u00e9pe. Nejde \u00fapln\u011b o v\u00edt\u011bze jako o to, \u017ee se t\u00edm d\u011bti budou u\u010dit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Foto: zdroj Faketicky.cz<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tak\u00e9 jste v\u00a0posledn\u00ed dob\u011b sly\u0161eli \u010dast\u011bji slova jako dezinformace, fake news, hoax? Internet a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b jsou zapln\u011bn\u00e9 informacemi a nejenom mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 \u010dasto t\u00e1pou, jak\u00fdm z nich v\u00a0internetov\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":2226,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27,77,45],"tags":[8,4],"class_list":["post-2221","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-budoucnost-skolstvi","category-napady-do-vyuky","category-tipy-pro-pedagogy","tag-rodic-zak","tag-ucitel"],"acf":[],"gutentor_comment":0,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska-backup.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2221","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska-backup.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska-backup.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska-backup.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska-backup.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2221"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska-backup.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2221\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2239,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska-backup.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2221\/revisions\/2239"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska-backup.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2226"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska-backup.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2221"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska-backup.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2221"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska-backup.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2221"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}